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Apache Guide: Configuring Your Apache Server Installation
Jul 10, 2000, 12 :31 UTC (225 Talkback[s]) (114217 reads) (Other stories by Rich Bowen)

By

Most of your server configuration is done in the server configuration files, after you have installed Apache. However, the things that you are able to configure are largely decided when you install the server. That is, if you don't install a particular module, then you cannot configure the things that that module control.

In the configuration stage, before you compile your Apache server, you decide what modules you want installed, where you want files to get put, and a variety of other things. You can also specify various things that get set in the server configuration files, which you can then change afterwards.

In this week's column, we'll talk about some of the things that you can do with the configure utility, so that Apache gets installed exactly the way that you want it.

A Basic Installation

For a basic Apache installation, using all the default settings, simply follow the instructions that you see near the top of the README.configure file:

        tar -zxf apache_1.3.12.tar.gz
        cd apache_1.3.12
        ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
        make
        make install

And of course, even that does not accept all the defaults, because we are specifying where we want the files to be put. PREFIX is not actually the literal string PREFIX, but is the directory under which you want Apache installed, such as /usr/local/apache.

Configure Options

If you simply run configure, without providing any arguments, Apache warns you:

        Configuring for Apache, Version 1.3.12
        + Warning: Configuring Apache with default settings.
        + This is probably not what you really want.
        + Please read the README.configure and INSTALL files
        + first or at least run './configure --help' for
        + a compact summary of available options.

When we type configure --help, we get several pages of options. Many of them will not be covered in this article, but several of them are remarkably useful.

--show-layout
The --show-layout option tells you where Apache will put files when it installs. Running with this option does not actually do anything, it just figures out where everything will wind up if you did configure with the particular options you have selected. This is particularly useful when you are experimenting with various different configurations, and don't want to actually install them to see what they will end up looking like.

--sysconfdir=DIR
The --sysconfdir option lets you specify where the server configuration files will live. With a default installation, there will be a conf subdirectory under the main server root directory, which will contain these files. However, some folks like for all their configuration files of any kind to be located in /etc, and so you might want to do:

        ./configure --sysconfigdir=/etc/httpd

--htdocsdir=DIR
--htdocsdir sets the location where web documents will be stored, and served from. If, for example, you install Apache from the RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) file, you will find that the document directory is located in /home/httpd/html, while the other files are located at various other places around the system.

Other File Locations

There are also a number of directives like the last few, which let you set the location of files. --iconsdir sets the location of the icon files, --bindir and --sbindir set the locations of the binary executables, and so on.

My personal preference is to install all of Apache in one location (/usr/local/apache, to be specific) and then just make symlinks from other locations. For example, system log files are located in /var/log, so it might make sense to have the Apache log files there also. However, instead of using a --logfiledir=/var/log/httpd configuration option, I simply create a symbolic link from /var/log/httpd to /usr/local/apache/logs:

        cd /var/log
        ln -s /usr/local/apache/logs httpd

This is also handy for your log rotate scripts, which expect log files to be in /var/log and subdirectories thereof.

Module Configuration

You can tell Apache what modules to build and activate with configuration options. In a default configuration, some modules are enabled, and others are not. To change this default configuration, you can use the --enable-module and --disable-module directives.

The default configuration is as follows:

                        [access=yes      actions=yes     alias=yes      ]
                        [asis=yes        auth=yes        auth_anon=no   ]
                        [auth_db=no      auth_dbm=no     auth_digest=no ]
                        [autoindex=yes   cern_meta=no    cgi=yes        ]
                        [digest=no       dir=yes         env=yes        ]
                        [example=no      expires=no      headers=no     ]
                        [imap=yes        include=yes     info=no        ]
                        [log_agent=no    log_config=yes  log_referer=no ]
                        [mime=yes        mime_magic=no   mmap_static=no ]
                        [negotiation=yes proxy=no        rewrite=no     ]
                        [setenvif=yes    so=no           speling=no     ]
                        [status=yes      unique_id=no    userdir=yes    ]
                        [usertrack=no    vhost_alias=no                 ]

For example:

        ./configure --prefix=/home/httpd --enable-module=speling \
                        --disable-module=userdir

If you wish to build a particular module as a shared object you can use the --enable-shared option. For example:

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
                --enable-module=rewrite \
                --enable-shared=rewrite

To compile and enable a module that is not part of the standard Apache distribution, you can use the --add-module and --activate-module options. For example:

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
                --add-module=/home/rbowen/mods/mod_mine.c

Manually Tweaking Your Configuration

As I mentioned in my last column, there are two ways to configure your Apache build. There's the method describe above, and then there's the "old-fashioned" manual process. In the src/ subdirectory is a script called Configure (big C), which uses a file called Configuration to configure your build. A sample Configuration file, called Configuation.tmpl, comes with Apache. And when you run configure (small c), a configuration file called Configuration.apaci is generated, and is then used by Configure (big C) to configure the build.

If you open up Configuration.apaci, you'll see the configuration options that you entered, converted into a format that is usable by Configure. You can manually change any of these options to modify the configuration, and then rerun Configure to make the makefiles again, like so:

        ./Configure -file Configuration.apaci

This is particularly useful if you want to experiment with different build configurations. Or, as in my case, if you need to support several different customers, and want to mirror their Apache installation as closely as possible. You can simply save several different versions of your Configuration file, and then rebuild using the one that you like.

The format of the Configuration files is fairly self-explanatory, and they are heavily commented, which should help you figure out what you need to do. Also, read the file INSTALL, also located in the src/ subdirectory.

For More Information

The complete resource on using configure is README.configure, which is in the top directory when you unpack the Apache source tarball. It gives you all the available commandline options, and gives a few examples of common configurations.

And for more information about Configure, read INSTALL in the src/ subdirectory.

Rich Bowen is the Director of Web Application Development at The Creative Group and the author of Apache Server Unleashed.

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  Nov 13, 2000, 16:34:29
It seems that I'm having the same problem as a couple people, but I don' ...   Perl on Win32   
  Nov 16, 2000, 11:48:45
Hi Michael,You're probably up and running by now, but just in case not, here ...   Re: Perl on Win32   
  Dec 30, 2000, 19:03:16
Same exact problem here. if you get it plaese tell me! ...   Re: Perl on Win32   
  Jul 5, 2001, 06:48:13
how can I make php run over apache server? can you help me configure the server ...   how can I make php run over apache server   
  Nov 16, 2000, 21:07:50
check the manual for unix http://www.php.net/manual/install.unix.php#install.uni ...   Re: how can I make php run over apache server   
  Dec 4, 2000, 09:25:25
Hello friends I'm installing right now the Secure Server ID on my server bu ...   Secure Server ID   
  Nov 17, 2000, 08:01:25
hi, How can i configure my apache server ( windows based) for accessing my JSP ...   configure apache   
  Nov 19, 2000, 08:41:20
I have Apache installed on my local server, and access the server with an IP. I ...   UserDir Access   
  Nov 19, 2000, 17:41:24
I'm having the same problem. Did you solve yours? ...   Re: UserDir Access   
  Jan 31, 2001, 16:49:58
I have the same problem,http:// /~username http:// /~username/ is there any way ...   Re: UserDir Access   
  Apr 27, 2001, 12:56:18
Did anyone found solution to this "simple" problem? ...   Re: Re: UserDir Access   
  Feb 16, 2001, 10:57:31
You can write a shell script to loop through the specified directory and change ...   Re: Re: UserDir Access   
  Jun 16, 2001, 12:53:54
Ok, try this:chmod 777 userdirectory first and check if it works. If it does th ...   Re: Re: UserDir Access   
  Aug 19, 2001, 20:08:03
I've got the exact same problem, does anyone know the solution? TIA ...   Re: Re: Re: UserDir Access   
  Feb 18, 2001, 22:08:47
I have noticed a lot of people writing about 403 and 500 errors. After struggli ...   Redhat Linuxconf (re: 403 / 500 Errors)   
  Nov 20, 2000, 18:32:05
Where should I put my servlets in order to access them through my Nokia wap simu ...   Running Servlets   
  Nov 23, 2000, 04:44:51
Can any one please help me out, how do i change the default file using httpd.con ...   Want to change default file on Apache in NT.   
  Nov 28, 2000, 15:51:36
Hi I having problems installing apache server, every time I execute configureI g ...   configure apache   
  Nov 28, 2000, 21:10:20
> hi, How can i configure my apache server ( windows based) for accessing my JS ...   Re: configure apache   
  Jan 20, 2001, 11:47:53
Dear sir I have been trying to set up apache server with mod-ssl + openssel + ...   setting up server   
  Nov 29, 2000, 04:39:37
A servlet tries to create a pdf to application server running red hat 7 and Apac ...   Write access to disk from servlet   
  Nov 30, 2000, 10:11:58
when am using apache webserver and tomcat servlet runner for a NT environment i ...   FTP problem   
  Dec 12, 2000, 06:41:05
Hello Sir,How can I make the cgi-bin run on Main domain Name.http://www.domain.c ...   CGI Error on Main domain   
  Dec 12, 2000, 18:26:08
Hello,I use mod-ssl in a proxy to secure my site, but, i don't want to secur ...   mod-ssl   
  Dec 20, 2000, 14:12:42
pls gide me how to install on nt i have allready installed but i cant start loca ...   how to install and config. on windows nt   
  Dec 23, 2000, 12:00:57
hello,can you help me to find a documentation about the apahe security, in frens ...   information asking   
  Dec 26, 2000, 23:36:13
I have installed apache 1.3 on my windows95 platform.I am using perl to write my ...   How read information from post method with perl on Windows Platform   
  Dec 30, 2000, 10:35:56
Hi ,Iam getting error :976 , saying cannot load mod_jrun36.dll into server , aft ...   Apache-JRun   
  Jan 2, 2001, 12:47:19
When I set up a project from Wconnect Console (from WestWind), it always says th ...   Help: Virtual Directory?   
  Jan 2, 2001, 21:50:31
Did you ever notice that when you bookmark the www.apache.org site, the icon tha ...   Setting the Bookmark Icon   
  Jan 4, 2001, 16:42:26
This is what is known as a favicon.ico. Just create an .ico file and put it in ...   Re: Setting the Bookmark Icon   
  Jul 25, 2001, 15:22:59
I just installed apache 1.3.14 and set ServerName to my linux machine's addr ...   Error: Cannot Bind to Port 80   
  Jan 12, 2001, 06:28:24
How do I configure Apache to use a servlet as a PUT handler?I have Tomcat instal ...   directing PUT to a servlet   
  Jan 12, 2001, 16:10:59
Hello ! How do I set file permission so that my werbserver is allowed to access ...   How do I set file permission ?   
  Jan 14, 2001, 22:47:44
I have the same problem? I am trying to set up an address book which needs some ...   Re: How do I set file permission ?   
  Apr 22, 2001, 14:19:22
Hello EverybodyI running Apache on Windows 2000 and I whould like to set a user/ ...   Restriction on web directory ?   
  Jan 19, 2001, 09:03:23
Hello EverybodyI running also a Apache on Windows 2000 and I whould like to set ...   Re: Restriction on web directory ?   
  Dec 17, 2001, 08:41:14
Hi,I have the same question. Did you got any answer?RegardsJan ...   Re: Re: Restriction on web directory ?   
  Feb 7, 2002, 23:07:08
Hi Friends,Well I installed apache and tried hard to start httpd. But it didn&#3 ...   Difference between apachectl and httpd   
  Jan 20, 2001, 08:57:35
hi folks,I want to host an intranet site using an Apache 1.3 server.However i do ...   Hosting a site-URGENT   
  Jan 20, 2001, 11:55:11
sir, i installed apache web server on solaris 2.8(sparc 20), how can i configure ...   Apache web server   
  Jan 23, 2001, 15:49:50
SIR/MADAM, I am new to these realms,just downloaded an apache for win ...   NEW,MAIL SERVER   
  Jan 25, 2001, 18:14:09
I hava a Server Linux with Apache and Frontapge Extension (ups)...ApacheToday it ...   Fantastic!!   
  Jul 12, 2000, 21:58:11
I have installed apatche to serve files to my local intranet site. (running off ...   Network lost   
  Feb 1, 2001, 22:34:59
HiI have placed a cgi script(perl) together with gif-images in cgi-bin. The gene ...   images in cgi-bin   
  Feb 3, 2001, 22:00:46
Hello,I would like to avoid that someone list the content of a directory of the ...   Avoiding directory listing   
  Feb 5, 2001, 11:34:02
I am a newbie, and although I have read as much as I can find on Apache, I insta ...   startup failed   
  Feb 6, 2001, 18:40:41
i can't access apache using server name using a browser but i can access it ...   help! can't access using server name   
  Feb 8, 2001, 00:00:30
Your DNS is either not setup correctly, or the domain name that you have is not ...   Re: help! can't access using server name   
  Jun 26, 2001, 22:01:46
I think the problem might come from the fact that your ISP block port 80...It ha ...   Re: help! can't access using server name   
  Dec 10, 2001, 04:45:38
I have a similar problem, I am able to access my site yyyyy.com but not by using ...   Re: Re: help! can't access using server name   
  Oct 21, 2001, 20:12:42
The requested method POST is not allowed for the URL /bla/test.phpWhen I send a ...   405 Method Not Allowed   
  Feb 12, 2001, 00:01:40
I just installed the Apache server 1.3 and everything is working fine. The only ...   Re: 405 Method Not Allowed   
  Jul 17, 2001, 22:53:53
I'm trying to setup an apache server with my IP address and Domain name. I&# ...   dns   
  Feb 14, 2001, 00:38:30
I have installed linux mandrake 7.2 on my pc, I'm trying to find out version ...   linux   
  Feb 15, 2001, 17:21:45
If I remember right, Mandrake 7.2 has Apache on the disk or in the RPM's tha ...   Re: linux   
  Mar 16, 2001, 21:32:48
I have installed the Apache Server successfully but not able to access any files ...   403 Forbidden   
  Jul 15, 2000, 06:52:00
I have just set up a Beta version of Novell portal services and I am running apa ...   Proxy redirection   
  Feb 16, 2001, 19:22:39
I think you need to set the document path from where Apache is going to serve th ...   Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Aug 15, 2000, 20:37:05
I am having the same prob...how did you solve it please ? ...   Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Sep 25, 2000, 05:55:53
I have the same error message. I used the Red Hat Linux installation. I believe ...   Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Oct 27, 2000, 05:28:49
If you are using Redhat 6.x you need to edit the httpd.conf file and then search ...   Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Dec 7, 2000, 17:13:47
Try including in your Indexes Options Directive (under ). This also occurs when ...   Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Feb 27, 2001, 10:52:58
I'm getting the same error message... ...   Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Jun 1, 2001, 07:39:59
After much ado I found this snipit in the www.apache.org FAQ:Q:Why do I get a "F ...   Re: Re: 403 Forbidden   
  Oct 14, 2000, 23:53:32
I seem to have exaclty the same problem as all the other gentlemen that have use ...   RE*5 UserDir Access [AGAIN]   
  Feb 20, 2001, 17:43:44
hrmmm *scratches head* I too am puzzled by this, I have been struggling for over ...   Re: RE*5 UserDir Access [AGAIN]   
  Feb 28, 2001, 19:14:15
yep, i'm having exactly the same problem - comeon all you apache guru's ...   Re: Re: RE*5 UserDir Access [AGAIN]   
  Feb 28, 2001, 22:59:39
ok after a long search with tired eyes I think I have found the solution, the us ...   Re: Re: Re: RE*5 UserDir Access [AGAIN]   
  Mar 4, 2001, 00:38:28
That worked! Thanks alot. ...   Re: Re: Re: Re: RE*5 UserDir Access [AGAIN]   
  Mar 18, 2001, 19:34:17
Hello TransmetaSetting my user directory to 711 and public_html directory to 755 ...   Re: Re: Re: Re: RE*5 UserDir Access [AGAIN]   
  Apr 6, 2001, 17:30:10
hello friends,I have installed apache for Windows NT.I want to deploy servlets.T ...   APACHE FOR SERVLETS AND JSP   
  Feb 25, 2001, 08:20:30
can somebody tell me how to configure Apache 3.1.17 and Tomcat 3.2.1 on wondows ...   Configuration of Apache/Tomcat on NT   
  Feb 25, 2001, 16:14:17
put mod_jk.dll into the modules directory and include it into the httpd.conf.res ...   Re: Configuration of Apache/Tomcat on NT   
  Oct 14, 2001, 01:56:53
Sir, Actually I dont have any comments, it's just that I really don't ...   Configuration   
  Feb 26, 2001, 08:38:55
I need some assistance in installing and configuring Apache 1.3.14 for Sol 8 or ...   Install & Configure Apache for Sol 8   
  Feb 27, 2001, 20:20:54
we developed a website using Jdeveloper. We wanted to upload it through Apache S ...   EJB + XML + JSP   
  Mar 1, 2001, 08:35:46
Help me! I am desperate.I have Apache 1.3.17 installed. When I want to execute a ...   HELP! CGI-FILES DON'T WORK   
  Mar 1, 2001, 11:19:05
I had the same error message on Windows 2000. To resolve the problem, replace fi ...   Re: HELP! CGI-FILES DON'T WORK   
  May 5, 2001, 07:27:54
Hi Guys and GalsI have an Intranet application and would like to use www.interna ...   Configuring Apache to use domain address   
  Mar 2, 2001, 00:47:01
HelloI am trying to install & configure Apache 2.0 Alpha release. I am getting t ...   Apache 2.0 installation problem   
  Mar 3, 2001, 20:18:59
Hello,I would like to change the Server: response header for my Apache server to ...   Changing Server: header   
  Mar 5, 2001, 17:55:03
Hello all;I have a beginner question that I couldn't find any documentation ...   Converting data from one version to another   
  Mar 5, 2001, 23:48:24
creo que su pagina es muy interesante pero creo que le falta una pag. en español ...   ayuda   
  Mar 12, 2001, 21:56:20
i want to customize , can i get more detail note on configuration. ...   configuration   
  Mar 16, 2001, 22:47:04
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